Charles Dickens Great Expectations - 1574 Words

Once there was a middle class boy living in England. However, his father was not responsible with his money, so he was imprisoned. His entire family went to live with his imprisoned father while he lived alone and worked in a Blacking Factory. This change transitioned him from his previous experience of middle class life. This boy was Charles Dickens, one of the most well known writers of all time. Throughout his life, he experienced both the middle and working class, therefore, most of his pieces of literature include characters from both of those social classes and how they view Victorian England society. His haunting childhood experience also allowed him to incorporate the themes of alienation and betrayal in Great Expectations (Cody). Throughout Great Expectations, Dickens explores the specific social classes by categorizing characters of different social standings with certain personalities and lifestyles. The working class, although it usually does not have a positive connotation, it is one of Dickens’ favored classes because it was one of the classes that Dickens was a part of during his life. Therefore, he seems to connect with these characters and make them more complex and moral in the book. Some characters that are part of the working class during Great Expectations include Pip, Magwitch, Joe Gargery, Biddy, Orlick, Mrs. Joe, Compeyson, and Molly. The working class represented a great portion of Victorian England society, so the types of jobs, income, and moralityShow MoreRelatedGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1113 Words   |  5 Pagesadventures that the male characters go on. This seems to be relevant in a lot of movies and books like the story Great Expectations by Charles Dickens. In Great Expectations there are multiple female characters like Estella, Biddy, and Miss Havisham who all play a large part in the main character, Pip’s life. One of the first that we meet the character Estella in Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations is when Pip goes to Miss Havisham’s to play with her. The two kids play the game beggar my neighbor when EstellaRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1347 Words   |  6 Pagespoor status of the economy, social mobility does not seem to be occurring at high rates, with the poor getting poorer and rich getting richer. Despite this, social mobility is alive and well, and has been for centuries. In his novel, Great Expectations, Charles Dickens voices the concerns of many that lived in Victorian England during the 19th century by promoting such a desire to live life in a more prosperous social class. One of the most fundamental and reoccurring themes in the novel is that ofRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1426 Words   |  6 Pages Twelve-year-old Charles dickens gets ready for bed after a long day at the blacking house. These Victorian-aged memories will provide him with many ideas for his highly acclaimed novel Great Expectations. Set in 1830 England, Great Expectations is a coming-of-age story about a common innocent boy named Pip and his road to becoming a gentleman through the influence of others. Pip is influenced both positively and negatively by Estella, Herbert, and Magwitch. Estella left a huge impression on PipRead MoreGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens984 Words   |  4 PagesCharles Dickens utilizes his life for inspiration for the protagonist Pip in his novel Great Expectations. They both struggle with their social standing. Dickens loved plays and theatre and therefore incorporated them into Pip’s life. Dickens died happy in the middle class and Pip died happy in the middle class. The connection Dickens makes with his life to Pip’s life is undeniable. If readers understand Dickens and his upbringing then readers can understand how and why he created Pip’s upbringingRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations943 Words   |  4 Pages This is true in many cases but none as much as in Great Expectations. In many ways the narrator/protagonist Pip is Charles Dickens in body and mind. While there are many differences between the story and Charles Dickens life there remains one constant. This constant is the way Pip as the narra tor feels, because these feelings are Dickens s own feelings about the life he lead. Since Great Expectations was written towards end of Charles Dickens life, he was wiser and able to make out the mistakesRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1375 Words   |  6 PagesGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens and The Talented Mr Ripley by Anthony Minghella present similar criticisms of society to a large extent. Both of these texts consider the criticisms of rich social contexts (wealth and status), societal morality (whether a society is good or not. Status [can lead to the wrong people being in a high position i.e. making bad decisions affecting the community/society] Appearance [society appears to be moral/good (if you’re from a higher status) {dickens criticisesRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1223 Words   |  5 PagesBeloved author Charles Dickens was born on February 7, 1812 in Portsmouth, England. Growing up in a life of poverty, his childhood hardshi ps provided the inspiration to write a myriad of classic novels including his 1861 seminole masterpiece, Great Expectations (â€Å"BBC History - Charles Dickens†). Great Expectations follows the life of an orphan named Pip, who’s perspective of the world is altered when he is attacked by an escaped convict in his parents’ graveyard in the town of Kent. Throughout hisRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens924 Words   |  4 Pagesa character driven novel, or a mix of the two. In order for a novel to be character driven, it must revolve more around the characters’ individual thoughts, feelings, and inner struggles, rather than around the quest of the story. Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens, is a character driven novel. While the story does have a plot, it is not contingent upon that plot, but rather is reliant upon its characters and their natures. This is evident from the beginning of the novel. From the opening ofRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1669 Words   |  7 PagesCharles Dickens He was one of England s greatest authors of the 1800 s, better known as the Victorian era. The various themes and ideas of that time are perfectly showcased in his many novels and short stories, such as Nicholas Nickelby, Great Expectations, Oliver Twist, A Tale of Two Cities, and A Christmas Carol. Much of the inspiration for these works came from the trials and conflicts that he dealt with in his own life. His volumes of fictional writing show the greatRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1017 Words   |  5 Pagesexperiencer is somewhere else absorbing knowledge of a different setting.This abstract adventure is seized by author Charles Dickens in Great Expectations. Great Expectations is historical fiction giving readers comprehension of the Victorian Era.Upon the reading, readers begin to catch on the intended purpose and its significance. A person who lived during the Victorian Era was Charles Dickens himself.He grew up during a time where differences in social class were to an extreme degree.Dickens went through

Autism A Long Term Mental Disorder - 1034 Words

Autism was discovered 60 years ago it has been puzzling, fascinating and massively researched. In 2001 the University of Birmingham in collaboration with the West Midlands Autistic Society and the Autism Services Accreditation Programme initiated the journal Good Autism Practice. Along with many publications by parent organizations. While it was at first thought that autism might be an early form of childhood schizophrenia, by 1979 this idea was left and deserted. Schizophrenia is a long term mental disorder of a type involving a breakdown in the reaction between thought, emotion, and behavior, leading to inaccurate perception inappropriate actions delusion, and a sense of mental fragmentation. Changing the title and scope of the Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorder in 1979 its then editors, Eric Schopler, Michel Rutter and Stella Chess, Stressed Knner’s emphasis on developmental distortions in autism, the increasing evidence of links between autism and other developme ntal disorders, as well as the association of autism with specific medical conditions. The journal was from then and on concerned with a wider range of development issues to clarify the similarities and differences between the various distortions of the developmental process (Wolff, S. 2004). Autism is a complex development disorder that can begin at any point in childhood, from early infancy onward, and which can last throughout a person’s lifetime. The term â€Å"autism† is used to designate a group ofShow MoreRelatedAutism Is A Matter Of Passionate National Debate1197 Words   |  5 Pages†¢ In the past two decades or so, autism has changed from being a condition nobody had even heard about to widely recognized mental health condition. Due to widespread use of internet, social media and smartphones everybody knows something about autism. Just searching for autism in Google brings up more than 68 million results. Autism has become a matter of passionate national debate among different stake holders such as government, public health agencies, mental health associations, non-profit organizationsRead MoreGenetic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders1556 Words   |  7 PagesAutism is a cognitive disorder that occurs in the first three years of lif e and affects many children and adults today. It is a common behaviorally defined syndrome characterized by impairments in socialization, abnormalities of verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted, stereotyped interests and behaviors. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) was recently edited to more clearly define the 3 main branches of the Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD). These branchesRead MoreParental Involvement And The Area Of Treatments For Autism Spectrum Disorders885 Words   |  4 Pagessituation. The involvement becomes even more critical when you consider the increasing rate at which children are being diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders and the lack of funding and available services for these families and children. While some families may have access to treatments and the funds to pay for them studies are showing that it is more beneficial long term for the parents to be involved and continue the work in the home. It is also impo rtant to consider that it is the parents who knowRead More Special Education Essay1616 Words   |  7 Pagesstudents. This paper will define severe disabilities, mental retardation, traumatic brain injury, autism, and deaf-blindness. In addition, this paper will address the characteristics and causes of each disability. Definition of Severe Disabilities There are many different definitions used to define the meaning of severe disabilities, a general definition for severe disabilities is any disability that significantly limits a persons physical, mental or emotional performance, and requires ongoing extensiveRead MoreAutism Spectrum1147 Words   |  5 Pagesand research pertaining to autism is very broad and includes more than just autism itself. A child with an autistic disorder is hard to identify because autism is not easily seen. Autism is more of a mental and social disorder; it doesn’t really have anything to do with a physical outlook. The autism disorder doesn’t only deal with autism; there are five other primary disorders involved with autism. When screening a child for autism, they will find out if any other disorders should be diagnosed. ScreeningRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd ) And Autism Essay1356 Words   |  6 PagesAutism Autism is really come along ways from where it use to be. There’s been so much research done to try and track it early and see if there’s something that can done to try and prevent it. There are celebrities with the disorder as well as some celebrity kids or their children with it. The definition of autism is a pervasive developmental disorder of children, characterized by impaired communication, excessive rigidity, and emotional detachment as defined by Dictionary.com and is a part of theRead MoreInside Autism Spectrum Disorder Essay1715 Words   |  7 PagesAutism Spectrum Disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by a number of deficits in verbal and non-verbal communication, social interaction with others, and other behaviors. Usually diagnosed in early infancy, this disorder is the most impairing and severe of the neurodevelopmental disorders. Before the publishing and release of the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) ( American Psychiatric Association, 2013), Autism Spectrum disorder could be diagnosedRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1575 Words   |  7 Pagessymptoms that have been associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD, the name adopted in 2013) including, repetitive movements, emotional difficulties, sensory problems, etc. The exact cause of these symptoms is a widely debated topic. In this paper, I will discuss the overall prevalent causes for Autism as well as the different variations and subgroups. People are familiar with other disorders such as Down syndrome or Trisomy 21. These types of disorders are discussed frequently because of theRead MoreThe Influence of Childhood Mental Disorders On the Quality of Public Education1037 Words   |  5 Pagesthe contemporary world to see a child with some sort of mental disorder. Fortunately, it is usually not as serious as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, but nonetheless it is a great stress for both the kid, their family and peopl e around them. According to the reports by the U. S. Surgeon General and the New Freedom Commission on Mental Health (2010), four million children and adolescents in this country suffer from a serious mental disorder that causes significant functional impairments at homeRead MoreDifferentiating the Diagnosis Between Autism and Aspergers Disorders1113 Words   |  5 PagesTwenty years ago, we seldom heard of the terms Autism or Aspergers Syndrome. Today the terminology seems to be as well known as the words Schizophrenia or Down Syndrome . Most of us know someone who has a relative with one of these disorders, or have a child or a relative ourselves who has been diagnosed. While the terms are recognizable, these disorders are relatively new to the ordinary citizen. The knowledge of the cause, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment are even further limited. For those

Principles of Transportation Economics Free Essays

All through the phase of airline regulation, the government set airline faires and regulated an air carrier’s entry into and exit from particular markets. Assuming that the incumbent airlines made economic profits while they were regulated, what impact, if any, did the government’s regulation of routes have upon air carrier’s ability to make profits? Transportation economics is considered as the analysis of the share of carrying wherewithals so as to come across the necessities of the general public (Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica Online, 2007). In a broader sense, delivery pursuits create a segment of a state’s entire trade and industry items for consumption and take part in the responsibility of constructing or intensification of a countrywide or local economy and as a stimulus in the progress of assets. We will write a custom essay sample on Principles of Transportation Economics or any similar topic only for you Order Now With the hauling precautions direction, there is a constraint that the travelers must hand over a boarding documentation ahead of going through zones outside safekeeping checkpoints. Numerous airlines recently proffer passengers the means of departing through the net and producing lodging permits or licenses prior to leaving. Due to government intervention, the imposition of government faires will consequentially affect the fees of airline carriers’ consumers. They will be compelled of taxes, charges, and additional costs on matters such as fuel, airport rents, aircraft financing, which will be reflective and increase the prices that they will be paying for (Hardisty, 2003). And therefore, will have a lower demand for the airline services. This may indeed affect the income of the incumbent airlines since their transactions are regulated. Consumers of their service will eventually hold back their use of the airline service since there are a lot of barriers to entry as stated by Palmby (1995). The former ease of access was lessened. For these reason, people will not be able to bring some things that they usually carry or transport. Additionally as discussed by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and Optimal Solutions and Technologies (OST) in 1999, on account of the government intervention, the administration of airline carriers will have fewer opportunities to improve their systems and just depend on the established government regulation of airlines. Significant losses can be incurred by the managing airlines and they tend to stay extremely susceptible to drop in airline interchange. Their pecuniary chances have gone through noteworthy stumbling blocks. However, although the government regulation of routes has a negative impact upon the air carrier’s ability to make profits, it has also a positive impact in return. Some terrorist attacks through air carriers may be prevented, hence, the management of air carriers does not have to spend money on possible damages that terrorism may have caused (Potter, 2006). Aside from that, together with the cooperation that the management of air carriers is receiving from the government, the running institution may have a directory or catalog of legal persons who may possibly avail of their services. Therefore, the management of air carriers does not have to spend their resources on tracking some unauthorized and illegal passengers. Furthermore, because of authority supervision, there will be more convenient gate assignments (and less reassignments); as a result, more people may eventually avail of the airline services despite higher costs of transport. These sets of incidences cyclically may contribute to beneficial return of earnings to the airline managements. Even though there is a prevailing acquisition and implementation of government regulation in airline carriers, with proper and appropriate administration of their managements, they will be more likely to have a good return in the running government regulation or will be able to have better accumulation of profits. References: FAA/OST Task Force Study (1999). Airport Business Practices and their Impact on Airline Competition. Retrieved June 16, 2007, from http://ostpxweb.dot.gov/aviation/domav/airports.pdf. Hardisty, Kent (2003). The Viability of the Airline Industry in Canada. Retrieved June 16, 2007, from file:///C:/DOCUME~1/Owner/LOCALS~1/Temp/Capt-1.htm. Palmby, William G. (1995). Enhancement of the Civil Reserve Air Fleet: An Alternative for Bridging the Airlift Gap. Retrieved June 16, 2007, from http://www.fas.org/man/eprint/palmby.htm. Potter, Jeff (2006). Frontier Airlines. Retrieved June 16, 2007, from http://www.frontierairlines.com/frontier/pdf/Annual_Report_2006.pdf. transportation economics. (2007). In Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica. Retrieved June 16, 2007, from Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica Online: http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9110749. How to cite Principles of Transportation Economics, Essay examples

Jack Daniels Case Study/Jack Daniels International Strategy Essay Example For Students

Jack Daniels Case Study/Jack Daniels International Strategy Essay Case 25: Jack Daniel’s International Strategy Identification of the Major Problem: Liquor sales have been on the rise in the last 20 years, both stateside and abroad. Jack Daniel’s is striving to stay competitive in the global marketplace in the liquor industry by leveraging the heritage they enjoy in the US and translating that brand abroad. This is not without its challenges though:: JD, along with all other US-based corporations are sensitive to anti-US sentiments, a weak USD and also the fact that the Americana story currently resonates with Europeans, but JD is challenged in the Far East. Analysis of the Problem: Jack Daniel’s must become more strategic when marketing internationally. A SWOT analysis will reveal that although the company has taken advantage of international opportunities by leveraging its rich heritage and smooth, quality product. Weaknesses like their global marketing strategy and threats such as competitors have not been addressed. Opportunities are numerous when considering the changes JD could make to packaging, communications plans, and even special edition flavors that may entice a non-whiskey drinker to try it. JD has to be seen more than just an American company, due to the resentment other American based companies have faced. †¢ JD’s main goal is to create a consistent product and remain constant in the marketplace, drawing upon the same marketing, packaging and brand voice that they have had for 40 years. †¢ While JD has tried to modernize their product marketing before successfully, they prefer to lean on their heri tage and maintain the same marketing plans that have worked for the last 40 years in the states. Brown-Forman wants to keep Jack Daniel’s unique from its competitors, yet remaining enticing to new customers. Also, JD relies on the fluctuations of the marketplace allowing itself to be at the mercy of the ever-changing consumer. †¢ Jack Daniel’s has been able to cross cultural lines and be a strong global company; this correlates directly to the fluctuating position. Present and Evaluate Alternatives: 1. Continuing to stress their vision, mission and standing behind the history of the company that has made them successful. With a consistent product and marketing plan people will be familiar with Jack Daniel’s- no matter where they are. 2. Jack Daniel’s can segment their marketing plan, appealing to people of different ages or cultures. They could have a different marketing plans based on location. 3. JD could implement a licensing program throughout Europe that feeds consumer need for a smooth whiskey, but disguises itself as a European/Orient brand that eliminates anti-US sentiments from the marketing plan. Recommendation: The recommendation that spells success for Jack Daniel’s abroad is recommendation number 2. JD should continue developing their functional tactics that boost short-term growth through implementation of a company strategy that focuses on the marketing plan, as well as other areas including R D and finance, but always focusing on the bottom line. Staying true to their identity, Jack Daniel’s will continue to grow and reinforce their brand image abroad with the help of clear and concise marketing plans developed specifically for each region, but keeping their heritage at the forefront of the messaging. McDonald’s does this well as diversity of the brand regionally is the foundation of their global marketing plans. Perhaps the idiom ‘east, west, home is best’ says it perfectly. Recommendation # 2 can be a costly one developing campaigns specifically for each cultural region. However, the investment they will make will reap benefits ten-fold if European, Indian and Asian drinkers feel that JD speaks directly to them. By creating this competitive advantage, JD will not only become the number one whiskey of choice in the US, but will surpass Jameson as the first choice of whiskey drinkers abroad. Pearce and Robinson, Jack Daniel’s International Stratgy. Case 25, paragraph 7. Pearce and Robinson, Jack Daniel’s International Strategy. Case 25, paragraph 9. Pearce Robinson, page 309. http://www. businessweek. com/globalbiz/content/jul2008/gb20080717_293203. htm

Word ProcessingEquipment or Concept Essay Example For Students

Word ProcessingEquipment or Concept Essay WORD PROCESSING-EQUIPMENT OR CONCEPT?Increasing administrative costs in recent years have made the production of business communications a major expense and one that will continue to rise. One way to help control the cost of business communications is to make the processing of documents more effective and efficient through the use of current technology. Word processing equipment has been around for more than twenty years. However, during the last decade it has really made an impact on the business world. There are two major contributing factors to this increased impact. The first is technological advances made in the area of equipment manufacturing. The second, and just as important, is the acceptance of the concept of word processing as a system rather than just a piece of hardware. Word processing first appeared in the business environment on a widely distributed basis in 1964. Since that time, the question, What is word processing? has been heard all over the country. When this question is asked, it is usually aimed primarily at hardware. But word processing should not be thought of as a piece of equipment; rather it is a concept for improving the efficiency of producing business communications. Equipment is but one of several tools used in the construction of a word processing system. Word processing is now being accepted as the capability to transform ideas into written word by employing procedures, equipment, and people. These three ingredients make word processing a viable solution to increasing the efficiency and reducing the cost of producing business communications. We will write a custom essay on Word ProcessingEquipment or Concept specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The next question is usually, How does word processing actually work? Very simply stated, text material can be stored and retrieved later for manipulation during revision cycles. This process eliminates the need for lengthy rekeying due to errors or changes in the document. This process is ideal for long documents or any document that goes through several revision cycles. Accuracy and quality are increased because you are only rekeying changed portions of the document. Processing time is greatly reduced for all work produced on word processing equipment. This simple explanation has discussed the benefits available through word processing. Reductions of processing or keyboarding time and increases in quality and accuracy are the most important benefits to be gained from word processing. These benefits can only be gained, however, by using the three tools discussed earlier to build your word processing system. Procedures are the backbone of any word processing system. Automation is not a panacea in itself. However, procedures to dictate what, how, and when this equipment should be used will remove many of your administrative burdens.Procedures should be implemented whether you are employing a centralized or decentralized processing environment. There should be two sets of procedures: one for the personnel submitting work to be processed and another for the operators. The authors manual should include a detailed system description, along with instructions on how to submit work and what can be expected of the system. When writing these procedures, keep in mind that they are not cast in concrete. Procedures should be reviewed every six months and, as circumstances change, revised and rewritten. The following items should be considered for inclusion in the authors manual:Additional services; e.g., communications, telex, facsimilesThis manual is intended to inform the author or word originator how to effectively utilize the resources available. If these guidelines are followed, your authors should know what to submit, how to submit it, and what to expect in terms of output. With this accomplished, you have taken a giant stride toward ensuring the effectiveness of your word processing system. .u9a62817db55202c27266f185116b66b3 , .u9a62817db55202c27266f185116b66b3 .postImageUrl , .u9a62817db55202c27266f185116b66b3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9a62817db55202c27266f185116b66b3 , .u9a62817db55202c27266f185116b66b3:hover , .u9a62817db55202c27266f185116b66b3:visited , .u9a62817db55202c27266f185116b66b3:active { border:0!important; } .u9a62817db55202c27266f185116b66b3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9a62817db55202c27266f185116b66b3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9a62817db55202c27266f185116b66b3:active , .u9a62817db55202c27266f185116b66b3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9a62817db55202c27266f185116b66b3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9a62817db55202c27266f185116b66b3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9a62817db55202c27266f185116b66b3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9a62817db55202c27266f185116b66b3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9a62817db55202c27266f185116b66b3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9a62817db55202c27266f185116b66b3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9a62817db55202c27266f185116b66b3 .u9a62817db55202c27266f185116b66b3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9a62817db55202c27266f185116b66b3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Marx And Nietzsche Persuasive EssayThe operators manual should include equipment, system, and document information as well as office standards. This manual should be a comprehensive guide outlining exactly what is expected and who is responsible. The following items should be considered for the inclusion in the operators manual:Equipment maintenance instructions (on and off instructions, etc.)Recordkeeping instructions and formsDocument and machine set-ups (include samples)This guide is not only informative for full-time employees, but it is especially helpful in training temporaries and part-time employees. This manual should contain information necessary to accomplish al l functions of the job other than training to use the equipment. Procedures really are the foundation that our system will be built on. The advances in technology in word processing have been phenomenal in the last ten years. Because of increases technology, it is very important to control this area, and the only way to do that is through a systematic procedural approach. Selecting equipment for a word processing installation is without a doubt a difficult task. Technical information about hardware and software is readily available through sources like trade journals, vendors, consumer reports, consulting firms, and word processing associations. The problem arises in applying the information you have compiled to the needs of your organization. Theses needs are the foundation on which you design your system and should be the basis on which you make your equipment selection. The first step in evaluating the type of equipment needed is to ascertain the types of work performed in your organization. You should break down by percentages the instances of short and long letters and memos, repetitive letter, reports, statistical work, forms, printing applications, and communications use. The complexity of text editing and manipulation should be determined for each of these categories. With this information, you should be able to decide on a category of equipment to fit your needs. Every organizations needs and applications for word processing equipment are different. No single type of equipment, therefore, is the best for all situations. But one of the types available will fit into and meet your word processing needs. Personnel is the last building block in constructing your word processing system. It is not listed last because of order of importance, however, A well-qualified staff will mean the difference between success and failure. The traditional methods of producing documents in the office have changed.The qualifications needed for a good word processor can be broken down into tangible and intangible key factors. In the tangible area there are seven basic background skills that are necessary:Concepts and theory of word processingIntangible personality traits represent a large area of qualifications that are just as necessary:A service attitude-proffesional, businesslike, cooperative, and positiveResponsibility, sense of pride in workGood team attitude, respect for standard proceduresThis formula is not foolproof; an individual with these qualifications still may not make a good word processing operator. However, an individual possessing these skills is certainly a well-qualified applicant fo r word processing positions and could be an asset to your word processing system. The answer to the question, What is word processing? is that it is a concept. This concept is based on three ingredientsProcedures dictate what, how, and when paperwork will be produced. The equipment is the tool to accomplish the result. Word processing personnel actually produce the result, using procedures and the equipment. By employing all three ingredients you should be able to greatly increase the efficiency of processing paperwork in your office. Bibliography:Works CitedVenice Encyclopedia of Britannica Online.Accessed January 3 2000Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. World Geography Today. Austin TX: Harcourt Brace Company,1997

Crime and Punishment, the idea of suffering essays

Crime and Punishment, the idea of suffering essays Suffering in Crime and Punishment The idea of suffering plays a major role and guides the reader attracting his attention throughout the entire novel Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoyevsky. Suffering is the dominant theme of this work. It twists and contorts itself into so many aspects of the story, that any other classification of it would simply not do it justice. The main character Rodion Raskolnikov is the one who suffers form the very beginning of the novel until the end as psychological forces eat away at the thoughts and actions of their victim. He feels very pessimistic about his own life the things and people that surround him. Rodion doesnt really appreciate the way he lives and what does he come to. He suffers a big deal because of the poverty and his helpless. Raskolnikov hates that his mother and his beloved sister Dunya have to save money so that they could help him, and he suffers because he could not help them instead. The letter that he receives from his mother makes his suffering even wor se. Raskolnikov understood clearly that his sister who is a proud, virtuous girl wouldve never sold herself (marrying without love) for her own gain, she would better starve from hunger than do such a thing. But she could easily sacrifice herself for somebody else whom she loves a lot and in this case her dear brother. And his mother is willing to sacrifice her own daughter just for his sake. Rodion suffers a lot because he couldnt take this immolation. It made him feeling angry he was the man in their family, he was the one who was supposed to support them and it happens the other way around which humiliates him making his self esteem go down. Thats when Raskolnikovs idea to kill the pawnbroker torments him most of all. To prove his own theory which is that there are two types of people those who are good to reproduce only and the extraordinary ones, who have to ...

Air pollutions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Air pollutions - Essay Example Firstly, one cannot begin to consider the question of whether establishing a train system would benefit the greater good without coming to a broad understanding of the fact that trains are inherently more efficient means of transportation than cars. For instance, a train is capable of moving multiple tons of cargo or passengers for the equivalent of 1 gallon of fuel; conversely a car, even at the most efficient level, requires at least one gallon to move 1 person more than 25-40 miles. Given this efficiency based argument, it comes to the central question of why trains are not utilized as a means of both saving money and the environment. The first reason for this is of course the issue of cost. It has been estimated that building a train system across the United States that would mirror train systems in Japan, Europe, or other developed regions around the world would cost trillions of dollars (High Speed Rail Overview 99). Such a program could of course be started under the logic tha t like Eisenhower’s Interstate program, the economic benefits would ultimately be repaid to the government over time due to economic gains of more rapid and cheaper transportation; however, the fact remains that the initial price tag associated with such an endeavor is so staggering that few if any politicians are willing to take up such a cause during one of the most trying and difficult economic times within the nation’s history (Boyd 38). Moreover, another factor that ties directly into the issue of cost is the level of debt that such a project would necessarily entail. As such, due to the hesitancy of the political leaders and many of the citizens to add on to an already monumental national deficit, no such project has been suggested. A secondary issue that is keeping the train from being further developed within the United States has to do with the unique culture that has seen the car become a type of iconic American symbol of freedom. Seeking to categorize this l evel of iconoclasm would be futile in such a brief work; however, suffice it to say that the car itself has become intrinsically tied to the American understanding and expression of individualism and freedom. In such a way, being a passenger on a train diminishes this feeling of individualism as everyone on the train arrives at the given destination at the same time and via the same means (Frohardt 339). Although this can of course be seen as a bit of an over simplification, it is doubtful that such a cultural understanding of freedom and transportation is likely to change within our lifetime. Although the implementation a rail system within the United States and throughout much of the rest of the world would doubtless save tens of billions of gallons/liters of fossil fuels from being burned and sent into the atmosphere in the form of carbon, the fact of the matter is that many nations are unlikely to develop these resources due to a fundamental lack of available cash with which to do so. More importantly, as one looks at the examples of modern train systems that function efficiently and hold these up as an example, one fundamental fact is noticed concerning them; the fact that each and every one of these nations or regions has shared a

Locals spend lavishly thanks to windfall from IPOs Essay

Locals spend lavishly thanks to windfall from IPOs - Essay Example "I took a Karwa taxi to the Industrial Area from the Old Airport locality on Friday evening and I paid QR30 as one-way fare It is too much," he said. Even a Qatari national, Yahya Abdul Rahman, felt the sheep were costlier this Eid. He blamed house rents as the single culprit for the rising cost of living and said he had let out four houses to expatriate tenant families and raised rents only marginally. "I have concern for them," he said of his tenants. The article mainly talks about how locals in Doha, Qatar enjoy affluent lifestyles as opposed to foreign expatriates. Expatriates are people who are temporarily living in another country, the culture of which different from the one they are from. The locals' and the expatriates' economic and financial differences are highlighted during the Eid al-Adha or Feast of Sacrifice, the most important feast of the Muslim. The feast is celebrated by sacrificing domestic animals, particularly sheep. The article narrates how it is easy for an average Qatari to purchase a fair number of sheep, while the foreigners struggle to buy even just one. The local Qataris can manage to be extravagant because of the "booming stock market" especially initial public offerings (IPO... He blamed house rents as the single culprit for the rising cost of living and said he had let out four houses to expatriate tenant families and raised rents only marginally. "I have concern for them," he said of his tenants. "Landlords are greedy," he said of property owners, his fellow countrymen. "Rising inflation is not good for all of us." Section: Local News Accessed 1/9/2006 from http://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com 1.2 Commentary The article mainly talks about how locals in Doha, Qatar enjoy affluent lifestyles as opposed to foreign expatriates. Expatriates are people who are temporarily living in another country, the culture of which different from the one they are from. The locals' and the expatriates' economic and financial differences are highlighted during the Eid al-Adha or Feast of Sacrifice, the most important feast of the Muslim. The feast is celebrated by sacrificing domestic animals, particularly sheep. The article narrates how it is easy for an average Qatari to purchase a fair number of sheep, while the foreigners struggle to buy even just one. The local Qataris can manage to be extravagant because of the "booming stock market" especially initial public offerings (IPOs). IPOs are the first sale of stock offered by a private company to the public, stocks being the element of ownership in a corporation. IPOs can only be offered once, many people take advantage of the opportunity. It is typical for the value of IPOs to rise on debut. However, many fall below the offering prices before the year ends. Because of this investing in IPOs are risky, as with all other investments. But even with the booming shares in the Doha Securities Market (up to 98% in 2005), economists raise concern that it might

How has the European Convention on Human Rights contributed to Dissertation

How has the European Convention on Human Rights contributed to international human rights law - Dissertation Example The researcher states that the twentieth century became a landmark in the evolution of the international human rights law. The atrocities of the Nazi regime and mass exterminations of humans during the two world wars led the world to review its attitudes toward the fundamental human rights. The European Convention on Human Rights was created with the goal of extending the coverage of the international human rights laws on European countries, enforcing compliance with the foundational standards of human rights protection, and ensuring greater integration among the European states. Since its inception, human rights protection has become the main aspect of states’ legislative and judicial performance in Europe. The contribution of the European Convention on Human Rights to the international human rights law is difficult to overestimate. The convention meets the standards of subsidiarity in the international human rights law and creates the foundation for interpreting the most con troversial emerging human rights issues. Simultaneously, the convention by itself and its principles are not without controversy. Despite the significance of the European Convention on Human Rights, its effectiveness and results greatly depend upon the political and social atmosphere in European states; many states choose to enforce the Convention only for the purpose of membership in the European Union. As a result, the effectiveness of the European Convention on Human Rights is more virtual than real and does not extend beyond the actual court cases to tackle with the discrimination against the fundamental human rights.... Another reason was that European states needed greater unity and integration, and a convention similar to the ECHR could glue the European states in their way to achieving the common economic and social objectives. This being said, the ECHR became the first and, probably, the most significant political and legal achievement of the Council of Europe in 1949 (Ware & Miller 1998). At that time, the Council of Europe was made up of only 10 states (Ware & Miller 1998). Nevertheless, â€Å"every member of the Council of Europe had to accept the principles of the rule of law and of the enjoyment by all persons within its jurisdiction of human rights and fundamental freedoms† (Ware & Miller 1998, p.7). In other words, all member states of the EC had to enforce strict compliance with the principles and premises of the Convention. It is no secret that one of the main goals of the ECHR was European integration (Weil 1963). The philosophy of European integration was rooted in the pre-firs t-world-war conditions of politics, which suggested that fragmentation, separation, and opposition weakened European states in the fight for peace and stability. The idea of uniting Europe lost its relevance between the two world wars, and during the Second World War Hitler managed to unite Europe by force (Weil 1963). However, as soon as the hostilities were over, and Winston Churchill became a leader of the European movement toward peace, the idea of building a union similar to that in the United States, was revived (Weil 1963). It should be noted, that Britain made one of the major contributions to the development and implementation of the ECHR: the final version of the convention owed a lot to British ideas of human rights and European statehood (Ware & Miller 1998). Simultaneously, when

Avivas Services Marketing Mix Marketing Essay

Avivas Services Marketing Mix Marketing Essay This report will be looking at the services which Aviva provides and how the services the business offer differ from a typical manufacturing firm. Looking at the theoretical issues of intangibility, heterogeneity, inseparability and perishability which affect the various elements of the services marketing mix of Avivas products provided to their customers. Company Introduction Aviva is the sixth-largest insurance group in the world. It has a turnover of over  £47.1 billion. Aviva provides more than 44.5 million customers with insurance, savings and investment products. They are one of Europes leading providers of Car insurance, Motor insurance, Life insurance, Home insurance, Health insurance, Travel insurance, Personal accident insurance, Pet insurance and Business insurance. Avivas main activities are the provision of general and life insurance, long-term savings products and fund management services. The group has around 36,600 employees,  £379 billion of assets under management and 43 million customers. Avivas Principal subsidiaries are: Aviva Life Pensions, investments, Life Insurance and long term savings (formerly Norwich Union) Aviva Insurance General Insurance Aviva Investors Fund Management (formerly Morley Fund Management) Aviva is ranked as one of the UKs top 10 most valuable brands in 2012 and has been voted the UKs top life, general and health insurer by insurance intermediaries. Aviva aims for superior long-term investment performance and it is UKs one of the most financially strong investment company. Aviva provides an extensive range of value-for-money, good quality products investments, retirement, protection and healthcare designed and changing to meet your needs, both now and in the future. Aviva was created by a merger of two British insurance firms, Norwich Union and CGU plc. In October 2009 the company decided to focus on its commercial insurance sector and demonstrate its commitment to brokers by launching their find a broker facility, using the British Insurance Brokers Association search engine. To help them with this endeavour, Paul Whitehouse was recruited to play the part of a successful hairdresser running three salons. The message of the campaign focused on business insurance through insurance brokers. The closing line of the campaign was Were in business to keep you in business. The Marketing Mix Marketing is the ability of an organisation to provide the right product, at the right price, via the right outlets and presented in the correct way . In addition to product, price, place and promotion, services marketing calls for three additional Ps people, processes and physical evidence. The idea of classification affecting the marketing mix often expands our understanding of the marketing mix itself. For example excluding product classifications such as tangibility, reputation, heterogeneity, inseparability, perish-ability and ownership which are associated with service, we can look at the marketing mix as simply four Ps: The product, the price, the place, and the promotion. This initial idea of a marketing mix originated in the 1960s when developed by Neil Borden in his book: The Concept of the Marketing Mix (Borden, 1965) In this article Borden lists various elements of the marketing mix for manufacturers, twelve in total, stating the list can be long or short depending on how far one wishes to go in his classification and sub-classification of the marketing procedures. From this list has derived the four Ps of the marketing mix we know today. These four Ps make up the raw product without any service factor, the actual product, where it is sold, the promotion to the target consumer and the selling price. There is arguably no evidence to show any kind of customer service in the four Ps marketing mix, can be thought of as distinctly producer-orientated. (Kotler, Armstrong, Harker, Brennan, 2009) Product Distinctions Theoretical issues of Intangibility, Heterogeneity, Inseparability and Perishability are as follows Intangibility is a unique characteristic of service which cannot be seen physically, felt, tasted or touched as physical goods are. For example when we watch a movie in the theatre, we are entertained by watching it. Entertainment is the output of the service that is delivered. Issues caused by intangibility are Lack of service inventories: Services cannot be stored as the physical goods are. Lack of patent protection: As services are intangible, they cannot be patent protected as the physical goods are. Service offered by one firm can be also offered by other company in different way. Difficulty in communicating services: Goods can be physically displayed, but whereas services are not physically shown to customers. Its hard for the companies to convince the customer to buy make the products that are offered as services. E.g. Insurance Difficulty in pricing services: Services offered by companies differ and no two services can be same as customers needs are different. Services are customised and hence tend to have fixed pricing. Heterogeneity is a unique characteristic of service that reflects the difference in the service that is provided from one customer to other customer. For example when a customer goes to a restaurant and ordered food would be different kind from the other customer and no customers experience is the same. Similarly no ones custom made jewellery looks alike as its unique to the customers requirements. Issues caused by heterogeneity Service standardization and quality control are difficult to achieve Services provided by different providers within the same location tend to be same. Mood and skills of a single provider differ from day-to-day Inseparability is a unique characteristic of service which displays the association between the people or company which provides service and the person who is engaged in receiving the service and also other customers who are indirectly or directly getting the knowledge. For example when a customer wants to take an internet connection, the sales team of the internet company need not interact face to face with the customer to give the information about the product. But whereas in a production process like Saloon, the customer has to be physically present to get his hair cut. Issues caused by inseparability Physical connection of the service provider to the service: In order to provide the service to the customer, the service provider has to be physically present and Face-to-face interaction with customers makes employees satisfaction critical when they are not able to provide proper guidance to customers. Involvement of the customer in the production processes: Customers involvement may vary according to the requirement that the customer be physically present to receive the service, i.e. for a dental service, customer has to be physically present in order to solve his or her problem related to teeth. Involvement of other customers in the production process: Customers presence is required in some service and some customers often share a common service experience and that shared experience can be negative or positive depending upon the experience the customer gets out of the service he has received. Perishability is a unique characteristic of service in which the service cannot be saved. Unused services cannot be reserved or neither can be inventoried. For example seats in a theatre can be inventoried for a period of time before the purchase of the ticket and cannot be inventoried after the show is finished. Another example of perishability is fresh meat, it can be stored for certain time period but once it sold it is completely perished. Issues caused by Perishability Matching supply and demand is a major challenge for the service provider, if there is a higher demand of service, than service providers tend to make the supply of the service maximum. When there is a higher demand, than the service provider gives optimal supply level. Avivas services marketing mix Product There is no point in developing a product or service that no one wants to buy. Companies try to find out what the customers need and then develop the right product that attracts customers. A produce is we produce. If we produce goods it means tangible product and when we produce or generate services, it means intangible service product. A product is what a seller sells and what buyer buys. Thus, Aviva provides insurance services and therefore insurance services are their products. Aviva is the leading company offering insurance services to the users. Apart from offering life insurance policies, they also offer underwriting and consulting services. When a person or an organisation buys an Insurance policy from Aviva, he buys a policy along with it the assistance and the prestige of the insurance company and the facilities of claims and compensation. It is natural that the customers expect a reasonable return for their investment and Aviva as insurance company wants to maximize their profitability. Aviva would have intangibility issue as the company can introduce new insurance scheme which would give the customer the advantage of having to take single insurance policy for the whole family. The company can protect the product brand but it cannot restrict other insurance companies to come up with similar scheme with a different name, hence there is lack of patent protection. The company provides different schemes according to the customers needs and the pricing of the insurance is not the same for every customer. Pricing A product is only worth what customers are prepared to pay for it and the price needs to be competitive. In insurance business the pricing decisions are concerned with the premium charged against the policies that a customer would take and also interest is charged for defaulting the payment of premium. The factors that Aviva uses for determining the premium rates under a life insurance plan are mortality, expense and interest. The premium rates are revised if there are any significant changes like Mortality: When deciding upon the pricing strategy the average rate of mortality is one of the main considerations that it takes in to care. Expenses: The cost of processing, commission to agents, reinsurance companies as well as registration are all incorporated into the cost of instalments, premium sum and forms the integral part of the pricing strategy. Interest: Rate of interest is one of the major factors which determine if the customers willingness to invest in insurance. Customers will not be willing to put their funds to invest in insurance if the interest rates provided by financial institutions are much greater than the perceived returns from the insurance premiums. Aviva would have intangibility issue in pricing, Aviva provides different kinds of insurances. Customers tend to choose which product they would want to opt and as insurance is not same for all the customers the price varies depending on the premium and the term that a customer is will to go for. Hence pricing the service plays a major role in Aviva. Place The place where customers buy a product must be appropriate and convenient for the customer and the product must be available in the right place at the right time. Place plays an important role at Aviva. It has branches all over the UK and also has insurance agents in order to offer the services. This helps the company to process the services to the end-user so that the gap between services that are promised and services that are offered is bridged over. Aviva also offers customers to apply for policies online. This helps the customers to get their insurance without going to the branch or to contact agent and saves customers time. Aviva would have inseparability issues, if a customer wants to take insurance he has to get in touch with the staff and get the information needed to choose the right kind of product he wants. Aviva should have more dedicated advisers to educate the customers for taking insurance and explaining the benefits of having insurance from their company . Promotion Promotion is the way a company communicates what it does and what it offers to the customers. Good promotion is necessary for a company to have better income and it also shows what advantages the customers get when they choose their services. Aviva promotes its services by advertising in television ads, radio and billboards. This helps Aviva to boost its sales. It also provides loyalty discounts to existing customers which helps the company to attract new customers by word of mouth. The company also uses direct mail and online campaigns to target new customers. Aviva also offers special promotional deals which help the company to get new customers who wish to switch from an existing insurance company. When it comes to promotion, Aviva would have heterogeneity and intangibility issues as no customer would have the same kind of policy. Insurance policy depends on various factors like age , health etc. so the company has to customise the policy according to the customer needs so that they could attract more customers. The company gives promotional offers to customers which are intangibility in nature and this makes it hard for the company to actually convince the customer to take their service as they are not physical products which a customer can feel. People Anyone who comes in contact with customers will make an impression and it might have positive or negative. It is out most important for a company to ensure that all employees who have contact with customers are properly trained and also should have right kind of people for the job. Understanding the customer better allows designing appropriate products. Aviva being a service industry and involves a high level of people interaction, Aviva makes sure that all its staff is given regular training so that they can maintain strong relationships with the customers. They have 24 hour helpline with multi-lingual staff to answer customer queries regarding them policies or any other service related issues. When it comes to people, Aviva would have perishability issue. If a customer is not happy with the service that the company is providing then he tend to look for better services that other company offers. Employees should make sure that they understand what the customer issues are and try to help them out so that they dont loose the customer. Process The process of giving a service to a customer is crucial in terms of customer satisfaction such as waiting times, the information given to customers and the way the staff helps the customers are important for a company to keep the customers happy. Customers are not interested in the detail of how the business runs. Avivas process is customer friendly. They advise customers about the products that they offer and tell the customers which product is best suited. Aviva has the reputation of speed and accuracy of payment. Their processing method is easy and convenient to the customers. The instalment schemes they provide cater to the ever growing demands of the customers. They provide different schemes to cater the demand of customers who wish to go for the service. The IT Data Warehousing system of Aviva helps the company to have a unified way to provide service large no. of customers efficiently and maintain their overheads. This helps to improve customer service levels. When it comes to process, Aviva could have issues related to inseparability, intangibility and perishability because they have to have advertise regularly about their products that they offer, new schemes that the company is giving to its existing customers as well as new customers. Service and quality control could also have adverse effect on the sales of their products. If they dont offer customers the help that they need on time, customers might feel unhappy about the service that they get which leads to switchover to a different company. Physical evidence Service cannot be experienced before it is delivered. Physical evidence given by an organisation must confirm the assumptions of the customer. As the customer cannot experience the service before buying it, but they can talk about the service with other people about the experience they have got by choosing their product. Distribution is a key determinant of success for all insurance companies. Today, the insurers have a large reach and presence throughout UK. Building a distribution network is very expensive and time consuming. Aviva provides all the information on their website so that customers can have all the information about the products and the services the company provides. Aviva has also been using remote distribution channels such as telephone and email in order to reach more customers so that they can avoid intermediaries, bring down overheads and increase profitability. Aviva offers an entire range of products including motor, home and life insurance and pensions. Conclusion The seven ps of Marketing Mix The marketing mix is the combination of marketing activities that an organisation engages in so as to best meet the needs of its targeted market. Taking product classification in to account when dealing with marketing of services, it expands the understanding of the original 4ps. The Insurance business deals in selling services and therefore due weightage in the formation of marketing mix for the Insurance business is needed. The marketing mix includes sub-mixes of the 7 Ps of marketing i.e. the product, its price, place, promotion, people, process physical attraction. The above mentioned 7 Ps can be used for marketing of Insurance products. The services that Aviva offers as mentioned above is affected by issues of classification of being Intangibility, Heterogeneity, Inseparability and Perishability which based on the researched information is performed well by the business. Aviva offers services which are competitive with other insurance companies on price and service support which has helped the company to be ranked as one of the UKs top 10 most valuable brands in 2012 and sixth-largest insurance group in the world. It has become one global brand with 43 million customers and has over 300 years of heritage.

Databases and Y2K :: Computers

Databases and Y2K Introduction: Tremendous problems loom just around the corner for organizations that use two-digit years (i.e. 1-9-97). How tough could it be to change the year from 1999 to 2000? The "Year 2000 Problem" cannot be fixed by simply resetting a computer's internal clock on January 1, 2000. Computers may be smart, but their programmers weren't very farsighted. In the '60s and '70s, many businesses were looking to cut costs and because computer storage space was expensive at the time, programmers decided to cut year dates to two digits (i.e., 1969 became 69). It doesn't sound like a major error, but computers are extremely date-sensitive. Computers routinely add and subtract digits in a date to make a variety of logical calculations, ranging from travel reservations to how much interest one has accrued on a savings account. The problem lies in the fact that many computers designate century data using only two digits, 00, and will read 2000 as 1900. And the bug affects more than just computer systems. Many manufacturers have built products with software instructions embedded onto chips; equipment ranging from fax machines to auto assembly lines could all be affected by the bug. What's the Problem? For many organizations, the Year 2000 Problem has become the most complex project management exercise ever undertaken. The reasons for this are multi-factored. For starters, we are less than 13 months away from Year 2000 yet many organizations are just now paying attention to it.1 There is no way to avoid the fact that our information systems are based on a faulty standard that will cost the worldwide computer community billions of dollars in programming effort. This 'bug' touches on all areas of an organization, and the complexity of analyzing and quantifying the scope of the problem, repairing and replacing infected items, conducting adequate testing activities and finally, implementing multiple interrelated hardware, systems and software can be overwhelming. Compounding the difficulty is the lack of awareness in general regarding the potential risks, and the fact that the project is driven by a series of hard dates. In addition, many organizations have further complicated the process by beginning their e Databases and Y2K How might Y2K affect databases that, in turn, affect our everyday lives? Let's take your bank account. As the 1999 turns over to 2000, your bank's computer may calculate that your account deserves an additional 100 year's interest. Of course, it's also possible you may be penalized for being 100 years overdue on your loan payment! Or suppose you have some data records and want to sort them by