How To Grow Sodium Nitrate Crystals

How To Grow Sodium Nitrate Crystals Sodium nitrate is a common chemical, found in food, fertilizer, glass enamel, and pyrotechnics. Sodium nitrate, NaNO3, forms colorless hexagonal crystals. Although these crystals are a bit more challenging to grow than some of the beginner crystals, the interesting crystal structure makes them worth the effort. The crystal somewhat resembles calcite, exhibiting some of the same properties. Sodium nitrate crystals can be used to examine double refraction, cleavage, and glide. Sodium Nitrate Crystal Growing Solution Dissolve 110 grams sodium nitrate per 100 ml hot water. This will be a supersaturated solution. One method of growing crystals is to allow this solution to cool in an undisturbed location and allow it to produce crystals as the liquid evaporates.Another method of growing this crystal is to grow a single crystal in a sealed container from a supersaturated solution. If you choose to follow this method, prepare the aforementioned solution, allow this solution to cool, then add a couple of grains of sodium nitrate and seal the container. The excess sodium nitrate will deposit on the grains, producing a saturated sodium nitrate solution. Allow a couple of days for this to occur.Pour off the saturated solution. Pour a small amount of this solution into a shallow dish. Allow the liquid to evaporate, to produce small seed crystals. Select a crystal or two for further growth.To prepare the supersaturated growing solution, to your existing solution add 3 grams of sodium nitrate per 100 ml of w ater in the original solution. So, if you prepared 300 ml of solution, you would add an extra 9 grams of sodium nitrate. Carefully add your seed crystal to this liquid. You can suspend the crystal from a nylon monofilament. A nylon monofilament or wire is used because it wont wick up the solution, causing evaporation.Seal the jar and allow the crystals to grow at a constant temperature, someplace they wont be disturbed. Sodium nitrate is very sensitive to temperature changes, so maintaining a constant temperature is important. If you have difficulty maintaining a temperature, you can place the sealed jar inside a water bath. If you dont see crystal growth after a few days, try lowering the temperature slightly.

Accouting Theory and Tax Rules

1. After preparing the tax return, if the client comes and shows that the deduction for overseas trip made for business purpose he has taken and shows the family photographs of that trip. Then more inquiry should be done from him and on what basis he wants to treat the business trip as business expense (Tpbgovau, 2017). If no proof shown then the tax return must not be proceeded as the client is trying to manipulate the actual income. 2. Taking reasonable care means that the tax prepare must know what exactly the client’s business is. Tax rules changes with business to business. For example, shares may be an investment for one person and trade for another. It will be treated differently. Therefore, there should be enough knowledge about the client’s state of affairs to know the impact of taxation on it and can be explained to the taxpayer (Tpbgovau, 2017). 3. Section 4.10 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 states about how much income tax is to be paid and it states that the tax is to be paid for each financial year of income earned on the basis of taxable income calculated for that tax year (Austliieduau, 2017). 4. Current tax table and the details about the fees and the charges can be found on the Australian Taxation Office’s website under the heading â€Å"Tax rates and Codes† (ATOgovau, 2017). 7. The five legislations or the compliance requirements which can affect the recording of the transaction in the as per Australia Tax laws are as follows: 8. General Journal is the journal used for recording the transactions which are not fitting the criteria of specific journals such as purchase, sales, cash, etc. A correcting entry is recorded in the books of accounts in two ways. One is to reverse the Previous journal entry made and to enter the correct entry. Second method is to make a Single entry which when combines with the original corrects the actual entry. General principle to reconcile balance outstanding is to check which balances are recorded in cash Book and in pass book. Next, is to check which balances are not reflected in the cash Book or the pass book and accordingly the same is to be added or subtracted from the Pass book or cash book respectively. Any event or transaction which decreases the balance of the bank is to be debited as the Payment is being made or any amount is decreasing the bank balance. Tpbgovau. (2017). Tpbgovau. Retrieved 12 March, 2017, from https://www.tpb.gov.au/explanatory-paper-tpb-012010-code-professional-conduct Austliieduau. (2017). Austliieduau. Retrieved 12 March, 2017, from https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/itaa1997240/s4.10.html Atogovau. (2017). Atogovau. Retrieved 12 March, 2017, from https://www.ato.gov.au/About-ATO/About-us/In-detail/Tenders-and-procurement/Contracting-in-the-ATO/Record-keeping-standard-for-ATO-contractors/?page=1 Iedunotecom. (2015). IEduNotecom. Retrieved 12 March, 2017, from https://iedunote.com/types-of-accounting-journal  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Accounting-simplifiedcom. (2017). Accounting-simplifiedcom. Retrieved 12 March, 2017, from https://accounting-simplified.com/accounting-for-bad-debts.html Atogovau. (2017). Atogovau. Retrieved 12 March, 2017, from https://www.ato.gov.au/Rates/?sorttype=SortByTopic Tpbgovau.(2017).Tpbgovau.Retrieved12March,2017,fromhttps://www.tpb.gov.au/sites/g/files/net1481/f/code_of_professional_conduct_aeu_reasonable_care_to_ascertain_a_clients_state_of_affairs.pdf?v=1469170810

Puritan Heritage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Puritan Heritage - Essay Example Such features as industriousness, desire to get knowledge, as well as restraint and adherence to morality are regarded as the features inherent to the Puritan conscience. To my mind, many value conflicts that are observed in the field of modern education cannot be properly investigated without understanding historical heritage. I think that similarities that unite both parts of the nation are partly defined by the legacy of the Puritans, so it is necessary to observe this heritage in its historical perspective, because it influenced many aspects of nation's development. I suppose that using experience of the past is necessary to forge out effective strategies for future successful progress, so understanding the sources of the mentality is extremely important for many sciences, and I find this issue to be important for educational discourse at the moment. Some facts described below will prove that the Puritans influenced both the characters and minds of the nation in the process of it s development. The Puritans were aware that the level of economical and political prosperity depends upon educational level of populati

Marketing in the Media 2013 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marketing in the Media 2013 - Essay Example In accordance to Cant (2006), marketing is mainly associated with any marketing media event since the company can display its latest products. It is paramount to note that marketing is mainly defined as the creation of awareness that a certain product exists through any paid method form of non-personal either through various mediums that include e-mail, direct mail, print, radio or participation in a marketing media activity (Pride & Ferrell, 2013). The major purposes of such events are for promoting and presentation of services, goods or ideas by any identified sponsor who for the purposes of this study is Samsung Electronics Company. There are various examples of mediums that a company can fully utilize, and they include web pages, posters, billboards, radio, print adverts and the television, which includes the mostly viewed television commercial on the new cell phone, the Galaxy Note by Samsung. Sam sung first created and aired the first commercial when the latest Super Bowl footb all game was taking place, and it was shown on television to create effectively awareness on the numerous benefits of the Galaxy Note prior to the marketing media event in Europe. This commercial differentiated the new Galaxy Note from a very particular competitor at the same time targeting a certain specific market segment. This also happened in the marketing media event on September 4th, 2013 at IFA in Europe (Bloomberg, 2013). This unique marketing media event displayed the new Samsung Galaxy Note in a very creative and effective manner that attracted huge numbers of people who were curious on knowing the Galaxy Notes benefits. On the screen was the advert where the features of the Galaxy Note were displayed, and they included the new phone’s screen that is larger, the included stylus, the camera capabilities as well as the video conferencing that the new phone can facilitate. The phone’s camera capabilities include the video; the camera’s features for both t he back and the front and when it is at still status (Bloomberg, 2013). The marketing media event by Samsung at IFA is relevant to marketing since it was taking place at IFA, which is the largest consumer-electronics show in Europe where it attracts many people. It is also an event where various companies display innovations and products, which mainly rival their competitors, and this was an exception to the Samsungs’ activity at the event (Armstrong & Armstrong, 2009). This is an event where various high-flying company marketers usually use their latest expertise and current trends to highlight their products. It is vital to note that such an event will normally be knowledgeable to any marketer with a passion on their professional carriers (Pride & Ferrell, 2011). However, such great events will always have marketing issues that are at stake considering the high level of sensitivity that normally goes with such highly publicized events (Gillespie & Hennessey, 2011). Recent r esearch by notable marketing researchers has extensively shown that such high-level events will have marketing issues that are most likely to take place, and it is therefore, the job of the marketers’ in-charge of these marketing events to strategize on how they will handle such eventualities (Kurtz & Young, 2009). Among the marketing issues that are at stake on such events include the possibility of the event being a failure due

Comparson Of Mouse And Trackbar :: essays research papers

Computers incorporate various pieces of equipment that allow the user to interact with the software. Since the idea of a Graphical User Interface (GUI) has been accepted, people rely on a mouse to move the "cursor" around the screen. Most of the time the "cursor" is simply an arrow that lets the user know where its position is on the screen. In addition to a mouse some people prefer trackballs. A mouse and a trackball can be contrasted in terms of their physical shape, logical functionality, and space consumption. A mouse and a trackball could be described as a total opposite in their physical shape. The mouse received its name because the cord resembles a tail and can move around the workspace in any direction. The mouse also has a ball inside that rolls along the workspace. An electronic connection is also built inside the mouse itself to get power through the mouse in order to run. On the other hand, a trackball is named that because the user is able to move the position of the cursor around the screen using a ball. The ball is located on the topside of the trackball and movement is performed with the thumb instead of the whole hand that is easier and it consumes less time than using the whole hand. Therefore, the mouse and the trackball are different in their shape but they both perform the same task. A trackball is stationary and therefore minimal; space is needed to allow movement while a mouse needs to move to perform its task. Both devices have buttons on the top, usually two or three depending on the manufacturer, that allows the user to select items on the screen, almost acting like an "enter" button. After having experience with both devices, I have found the trackball is the choice to make when purchasing a user interface device of this type. While mice are easier for the beginning user to control due to the fact that a hand is easier to move in any direction compared to a thumb, a trackball does not require total hand and arm movement to move the cursor around the screen. Instead the user’s hand can stay stationary and movement of the thumb is all that is needed to direct the cursor.

Applying Learning Curve Theory Essay

1. Change table distribution to decrease wait time and increase clientele which entails profitability. Originally, wait time including queue was 11 to 12 minutes. By applying these changes, wait and queue reduce to 9 minutes approximately. Also, a $454 increase of profit is attained. 2. Purchase the Plax Oven instead of keeping the old unreliable manual ovens. By doing so, product availability is increase and the queue time is reduced. Using the old manual ovens, pizza took 15 minutes to cook. Utilizing the Plax Oven takes 4 minutes. 11 minutes are saved and faster service is provided to customers. Profits continue to increase. After the addition of the oven, Mario’s Pizzeria is at $1,653 in profit. Lost sales reduced to $345. 3. Purchase the Menu Point System. This system aids in reducing the queue. Wait staff does not have to walk the order over to Kitchen Staff. Thus, queue time is diminished and profits continue to increase since the utilization wait staff is reduced from a 95% to 80%. 4. Rent Cream Puffs versus opening a new counter for pick up. Renting is a better decision since no additional operating costs would be required. 5. Renting Cream Puffs allows for the capacity of tables to increase; adding 7 tables of 4 and 4 tables of 2. This aids in reducing both wait and queue time. Wait time is at 3.21 minutes and Queue is at 2.71 minutes versus the original 11 to 12 minutes of the entire process. Profits increased to $2,040 while the lost sales came to $690. Analysis of Alternative Process in Effect Mario’s Pizzeria simulation is a tool that aids in understanding how to apply the learning curve theory. The simulation begins by illustrating the current process used at Mario’s Pizzeria and describing the current issues this pizza parlor must address in order avoid a greater loss of profits and loss of customers. The simulation allows for an alternative process to be created and implemented. By creating an alternative process, one can then analyze why one process is more effective and efficient than the other. At the initial start of the simulation, the table utilization is at a 97% and the waiting time is between 11 to 12 minutes. The goal is to reduce the wait time in order to increase customer satisfaction and increase profits. To do so, the first step was to change the table distribution. By simply rearranging the table set up, customers wait time reduced significantly; wait time reduced to 5.36 and the queue to 2.57 minutes for a total of 7.93 minutes. This means that the current process of the table set up simply created an unnecessary bottleneck approach. In order to prevent this, a performance process was changed and created a more effective way of making customers stay. This is sort of change can be used to illustrate how the learning curve theory is applied. According to Chase, Jacobs, and Aquilano (2006), the Learning Curve Theory is based on three assumptions: 1) the amount of time required to complete a given task or unit of a product will be less each time the task is undertaken, 2) the unit time will decrease at a decreasing rate, 3) the reduction in time will follow a predictable pattern. By applying this theory to Mario’s Pizzeria, it is evident that a small change goes a long way. For instance, the utilization for tables decreased from 97% to 95% on tables for four, but in tables for two the utilization was 88.9%. Although customers still walked away, the number of those who left was not as high as the initial number during the first week. Mario’s Pizzeria continued to face issued when the manual oven broke. The wait time for customers was affected because the process slowed down. As a manager, one has to take immediate action to solve the problem at hand through thought process in order to avoid high additional cost to this small business. If the learning curve theory is applied correctly, Mario’s Pizzeria will not be affected dramatically especially since they have dealt with previous wait time issues. The learning curve theory states that the more a task is done several times, the less likely it will be that a similar mistake will occur. In this situation, the metric that continues to be affected is time and the dissatisfaction of a customer having to stand in line for a long time. By not using this type of performance process and to avoid reaching the upper control and upper tolerance limits, the solution was to replace the manual ovens and purchase the Plax Ovens. The Plax Ovens cook more pizzas in fewer minutes than the manual ovens. If the current manual ovens were not replaced, the cooking time will be higher and fewer pizzas would be available, which in turn the queue would not decrease for the customers. Customers will continue to wait for fifteen minutes versus four minutes. Another option that was used in the alternative process was the purchasing of Menu Point Systems. This system will allow for the process time to drop significantly. Although, the cost of the menu system seems high in price, the return of investment is of 125%. This percentage indicates that in the long run the system is worth its price for the pizza parlor. By implementing this Menu Point System, Mario’s Pizza parlor decreased it wait time to 3.76 minutes and the queue to 2.62 minutes. Additionally, the utilization of their wait staff was at 60 to 80 percent. The utilization dropped since the wait staff no longer had to walk the order over to the kitchen staff. A change was made to the queue system. A step was eliminated in the queue section, thus, saving time. By implementing, both the Plax Oven and the Menu Point System a profit of $1, 622 was earned. If this two performances process were not in place, Mario’s pizzeria would be back to step one, waiting time at its upper tolerance and upper control limit. These are two factors that should be avoided at all cost when trying to aim for total quality management in a business. Implementing the Plax Ovens and the Menu Point System, the learning theory curve is in effect. Now, when the order is placed, it goes directly to the kitchen staff, the kitchen staff then process the order through the Plax ovens which are quicker in cooking time. Finally, after all the great implementations and changes made to the pizza parlor, business continues to increase and more decisions were necessary in order to keep the timeliness and customer satisfaction. Mario’s pizzeria rented the business next to the parlor instead of opening a pick up counter. If a pick up counter was chosen as an option, operating cost increase. However, renting Cream Puffs was the best option. Renting the business next door allowed for capacity of tables to increase which in turn increased profit and lessen the overall processing time of a customer. In the end, Mario’s Pizza Parlor profited $2,040 and the grandchild earned the trust of the grandfather.

The Universal Declaration Of Human Rights Essay - 1090 Words

2. Organs, committees, agencies or NGOs of the UN that are involved These are the references that the 2030 agenda stated were in support of the zero hunger challenge: â€Å"The Universal Declaration of Human Rights; Voluntary Guidelines to support the progressive realization of the right to adequate food in the context of national food security; ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights of Work; Global Strategic Framework for Food Security and Nutrition; Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security; Principles for Responsible Investment in Agriculture and Food Systems; Framework for Action for Food Security and Nutrition in Protracted Crises; Women’s Empowerment Principles: Equality Means Business; UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights; UN Global Compact 10 Principles; Tripartite Declaration of Principles Concerning Multinational Enterprises and Social Policy (MNE Declaration); Code of Ethics and Conduct for NGOs†. The non UN-system participants are The 1,000 Days Partnership, Alliance to End World Hunger, AmpleHarvest, Associated Country Woman of the World, Canadian Foodgrains Bank, The Campus Kitchens Project, Cargill, Church World Service, Climate Smart Agriculture Youth Network, Community for Zero Hunger, Ecumenical Advocacy Alliance, End Food Waste, Farming First, Feed the 5000, Food Tank, Food Recovery Network,Show MoreRelatedThe Universal Declaration Of Human Rights1728 Words   |  7 Pagespeople. Culture can impede progress and leave women, minorities and other sub-sects of a society without the basic human rights that they deserve. Clinging too close to culture can be dangerous. The Foundations of a Universal Declaration The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was drafted shortly after the United Nations was established in 1945. 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This is the first time that the world recognized that everyone had the right to enjoy freedom of speech, freedom of religion and freedom from fear and want, and many other rights. International human rights come along way; before there was no rights. The idea of having rights that led to the development of international human rights takes time. There are benchmarks developments in internationalRead MoreThe Universal Declaration Of Human Rights Essay1276 Words   |  6 PagesA human right is an ethical choice and moral belief belonging to all humans regardless of traits, status, location, color, gender, or belief system. Making the connection to a universal law, the United Nations Rights High Commissioner explains these rights are, â€Å"guaranteed by law† and protected as â€Å"fundamental freedoms† (OHCHR, 2016). 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The freedom of speech and the right to express beliefs freely is a universal human right protected by Article 19 of the UDHR. It declares that â€Å"everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression† and can â€Å"hold opinions without interference†. The regional agreements of Iran, China and Bahrain are in accordance with the Universal Declaration and are fully dedicatedRead MoreThe Universal Declaration Of Human Rights892 Words   |  4 PagesHuman rigths is an essential component of a tolerant and individually satisfied society. They are created to defend people’s dignity, equality and liberty. However, for thousands of years people lived with no garanteed rights, until 1948, when United Nations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. But is the Universal Declaration of Human Rigths really universal to all states and humans living in them? I am going to argue if Human Rights should or should not be unically adapted to differentRead MoreThe Universal Declaration Of Human Rights875 Words   |  4 PagesI feel that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) does have a western bias. Many people look to US for guidance, but not many other nations copy our way of life. States can sign treaties, but they cannot be reassured that the other nation will keep its word. The US and the UN should maybe not be engaging in promoting western society, but they should be engaging in promoting the protection of human rights. The UN UDHR fought for minimal rights in 1948 by identifying three types of generationsRead MoreThe Universal Declaration Of Human Rights1485 Words   |  6 Pages1003236982 The Universal Declaration of Human Rights states â€Å"that human rights are held by all persons equally and universally forever† –hence, they are universal held. This is due to them being the exact same for all human beings anywhere in the world. One cannot acquire human rights because of where they come from, but because they are a member of the human race. Nobody can lose those human rights, nor can they be taken away for whatever the reason may be. Together, we have the right to express ourselvesRead MoreThe Declaration Of Universal Human Rights869 Words   |  4 PagesGeneral Assembly (UNGA) set forth a declaration of universal human rights. The goal was to set a common standard of rights based on â€Å"recognition of the inherent dignity and equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family.† It was meant to become the perfect social contract but unfortunately was not upheld even by the signatory nations themselves. Many critics now looking b ack have cited the overreaching ideals as the downfall of the declaration but yet many have responded saying it